Governing mechanism for turbines.



F. SAMUELSON.

GOVBRNING MBGHANISM FOR TURBINBS.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 1, 1907.

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P. SAMUELSON.

GOVBRNING MEGHANISM FOB TUBBINBS.

APPLIoATIoN FILED AUG. 1, 1907.

Patented June 3, 1913.

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'W/ nesses supply of fluid FREDERICK SAMUELSON, 0F RUGBY, ENGLAND,

COMPANY, A CORPORATION ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHAN ISM FOR' TURBINES.

Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented June 3, 1913.

Application led August 1, 1907. Serial No. 386,591.

To all who/m, t may concern Be .it known that l, Farini-:unfit SAurnL-soN, a subject ot the King of Sweden, residing at Rugby, England, haveinvented certain new and useful `Improvements int Governing Mechanism.for Turbines, of l which the following 1s a specification.

lily invention relates to the control of the supply of Huid to turbinesof the type adapted to be operatedveither with high pressure fluid orwith the exhaust fluid from another prime mover or machine, or withboth, and the object of the invention is to provide a l simplearrangement of devices for efiiciently controlling the turbine. l

A structure made in accordance with'my invention comprises a pair ofmechanically coupled valves one of which operates on the to the highpressure end of the turbine while'the other controls the supply ofexhaust. fluid to an intermediate stage l of the turbine, the valvesbeing preferably operated by means of a motor Working under the controlof the governor.

In the accompanying` drawings which illustrate one of the embodiments ofmy invention, Figure 1 is a vertical section through a mixed pressuresteam turbine of the Curtis type, having a combined. high and lowpressure controlling valve attached i thereto, Fig. 2 is a sectionthrough the high t pressure part of the combined valve mechal uism, Fig.3 is a diagrammatic view of a speed governor for controlling the motorthat artuates the controlling-valve, and Fig. 4 is a view showing myinvention as applied to a vertical shaft turbo-generator.

Referring to the drawing, 1 is the turbine shaft. carrying the bucketwheels 2 between which are located the diaphragins 3, these parte beinginclosed by the casing 4. The valve easing 5 is secured to the wheelcasing 4- by bolts passing through the flange 6 and is preferablysubstantially cylindrical and arranged vertically with the inlet 7 foradmitting exhaust steam situated :1t-its lower extremity. Situated inthe wall of the valve casing 5 are a number of ports 8 communicatingwith passages 9 and. 10 the latter admitting exhaustv steam which entersat Tand passes through the ports and passages, into 1 ply of exhaust theduct 11 in the 'turbine easing which supplies the intermediate stagenozzles 12.

13 is a valve of the piston type carried hy the valve rod 14 and havingperforations 15 so as to permit of balancing the pressure on both sides.This valve controls the supsteam to the intermediate stage nozzles bycovering and uncovering the ports 8.

The low pressure valve casing 5 supports a second or high pressure valvecasing 16 substantially cylindrical and having an inlet, 17 admittinghigh pressure steam from the supply main. The body ofthis high pressurevalve casing is provided with ports 18 connecting the valve cylinderwith ducts 19 each of which communicates by means of one or more pipes20 with an individual -inlet nozzle or set of nozzles Q1 of the tirst orhigh pressure stage ot' the turbine. Ports 18 are controlled by thepiston valve Q2 secured to the valve rod 14 and moving in unison withvalve 13. The lower portion of valve Q2 slides in a downwardly extendingportion Q3 of the casing 16 and is separated from the upper part by theannular groove 94 which is filled with live steam at high pressureentering at.A 17 and passing through the passages 25 formed by the septa26 in the upper part ot the piston. lVhen the piston movesiuiwardlyuntil the annular groove or chamber. 24 is opposite the ports 1S livesteam is admitted to the pipes 20 and tirst stage nozzles 21. The ports`18 are so arranged one above the other that when one is fully uncoveredthe next one is ljust commencing to open. By thisl nrai'igenient uoz,zles or other [luid discharging devices are cut into and out of .servicesuccessively. The valves 13 and 22 are preferably arranged so that thehigh pressure ports are not uncovered. until the exhaust'inlet ports arefully uncovered.

The valve rod 14 passes through a stuffing box 27 in the bottom of thelow pressure valve casing 5 and ycarries`the ram or piston .28 of' ahydraul'c motor 29 the cylinder of which may be convenient-ly bolted tothe valve casing.

yThe valves may lo operated in any suitable manner, but I preferablyemploy a hy-` draulic motor which receives its supply ofl motive fluidfrom a suitable source and is i controlled by the relay valve responsiveto variations of speed through the intermediary of the. turbine governor31, the latter being connected to said valve by the stem 'The operationof the controlling valve is as follows: The valve 13 controls the speedof the turbine in the ordinary manner When there is a sufficientsupplyoi" exhaust steam, but if the requisite quantity of lowpressuresteam is not su plied to the'I intermediate stage, the speed allswhereupon the turbine governor actuates relay valve 30 to cause themotor 29 to lift the valves 13 and Q2 thus uncovering one or more of thehigh pressure steam inlet ports 18 and admitting high pressure steam tothe first stage nozzles 21 whence the steam passes through the firststage wheel and then into the succeeding stages of the turbine and mixesWit-h the exhaust steam admitted to the intermediate stage controlled bythe exhaust steam inlet valve. The turbine now speeds up and should thespeed be too high the governor causes the relay valve 30 to operate andthe ram 28 to descend thereby 'operating the high pressure valve 2Q toreduce the supply to the Erst stage nozzles and the valve 13 to throttlethe supply of exhaust steam to the intermediate stage. The nozzles 12are shut oil from the other nozzles of the same stage,

(see dotted linesFig. lland also from receiving fluid from the firststage. The first and second stage nozzles located at the left of theshaft receive motive fluid,` if at all, from the high pressure source',Jwhile the third stage nozzles on the same side being in communicationwith the annular chamber 33 receive fluid either from the high or lovvpressure source or from both as the case may be.

The turbine structure just described forms the subject Inatter of acopending application which has resulted in Patent 875,111 of December31, 1907. y

In Fig. t I have 'shown my invention as applied to a vertical shaft,turbine driven electric generator, although the invention is not toA beconstrued as being so limited. In this figure 31 indicates the speedgovernor which is driven by the main shaft 1 ol' the turbine. It isinclosed in a dome 35 that is mounted on top of the electric generator36. This generator is supported on the turbine by a stool 37. Movementsof the governor weights are transmitted to the governor lever 38. To thefree end of the lever is adjustably attached a rod 39. The lower end ofthis rod is connected to a lever 40 which actuates the pilot. valve 3()to control the operation of the hydraulic motor which actuates the highand low pressure governing valves in, a manner heretofore described.

patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of myinvention'together with the apparatus Which I now consider to representthe bestV embodiment thereof; but I desire to yhave it understood thatthe apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can becarried out by other means. y

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is,-

1. An elastic-Huid turbine arranged to receive and operate on motivefluid from two separate sources, in combination with governing valvesthat control the admission of fluid to the turbine from both sources ofsupply and a motor which is common to and actuates said valves.

2. In combination, a turbine having an inlet connected to a source ofhigh pressure fluid, an inlet connected to a source ot' low pressurefluid, mechanically connected valves for regulating the flow through theinlets, and a speedgovernorconstituting the sole means for controllingthe valves whereby the high pressure valve will be opened after the loWpressure valve to supply high pres sure steam to the turbine when thesupply of low pressure steam is insufficient to drive the turbine atnormal speed, the valves being closed in the reverse order.

3. An elastic-fluid turbine arranged to receive motive fluid fromseparate sources at high and lovvpressure, the said pressures beingindependently variable` in combination with valves controlling theadmission of fluid from both of said sources, and fluid actuated meansfor operating the valves Which under conditions of increasing load fullyopens the low pressure controlling valve and subsequently opens the highpressure controlling valve, and which closes the latter and then theformer under decreasing load conditions.

4. A'n elastic-fluid turbine having an inlet for low pressure motivefluid, and a second inlet for high pressure Huid, in combination with' avalve casing having ports communicating with both inlets, valves in thecasing `which control the ports, a motor for moving the valves, and agovernor for the motor.

5. Anelastio-lluid turbine having an inlet for low ypressure motiveHuid, and a second inlet for high pressure fluid, in combination with avalve casing having a port communi' cating with the low pressure inletand thev turbine, ports communicating with the high pressure inlet andthe turbine, a vvalve which controls the low pressure port by athrottling action, and a valve which cuts the high pressure ports intoand out of service succcssively.

6. In a governor mechanism, the combination of a casing having portsleading there` from, an in let for the casing, a valve mount- Inaccordance with the revisions of the 1 ed in the casin for chan in theeffective area of the discharge ports, a second casing havin portsleading therefrom land located in di ere'i'it planes so as to comeintooperation successively, a valve' mounted in the second casing, afluid-actuated motor for movin bot-h val-ves, and a pilot valve forcontro ling the motor. f

7. A multi-*stage elastic fluid turbine comprising high pressurenozzles, bucket wheels, a casing common thereto, ports communicatingwith the said nozzles that receive high pressure fluid only, and otherports communicating with stage nozzles which receive low pressure fluidonly, stage nozzles that receive high pressure Huid only, and stagenozzles that receive low pressure fluid only, in combination with meanswhich supply the turbine with fluid from one source so long as it.satisfies the load and from both sources when the demand for fluidcannot be satisfied by one source, and an actuator that is common to themeans.

8. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a plurality of bucketWheels a casing therefor, partitions which divide the casing into Wheelcompartments, individual high pressure nozzles, a plurality of conduitsthat supply high pressure motive fluid to said nozzles, a valve thatcuts the conduits into and out of service successively, stage nozzlesarranged in a group, a valve which governs the admission ofuid to saidgroup by throttling, an operating means lconnecting 4the valves, a fluidactuated motor for movfluid first and then that controlling the highpressure, and a speed governor which controls the action of the motor.

l0. In a turbine, the combination of blading for a low pressure fluid,supplemental blading comprising a prior stage for an independent sourceof fluid at a higher pressure than that supplied the first mentionedblading, and means affected alone by changes in speed of the turbine forthrowing the supl'iieinenlal blading in and o-ut of action.

ll. ln a turbine. the. combination of bladinar for i ma i vure fluid,supplen'iental bieding :ourprisingi a plier stage for an independentsource of fluid at a higher pressure than that supplied to the first,mentioned binding, and a speed governor console :Loans4 for positivelysuppiemeiital binding in and mmbination of bladi i fluid, supplemental uprior stage for an 1ndependent source of fluid at a higher pressure thanthat supplied the `flrs't 'mentioned blading, and valv'esmountedrelatively to each other so as when moved, to always simultaneouslyvmove either toward closed or 4open position, for controlling andregulating the supply of high pressure `and low pressure motive fluid tosaid bladng.

13. In a turbine,'the combination of blading for a lowpressur'efluid,sup lemental bladin comprising a prior stage 0r an 'indepen ent source.-of 'fluidat a 'higher pressure than that supplied the first mentionedblading, and valves rigidly mounted relatively to each other forcontrolling4 and regulating the supplyof high pressure and low pressuremotive fluid to said blading.

14. In a turbine, the combination of blading :for a low pressure fluid,supplemental blading comprising a prior stage for an inl dependentsource of fluid at a higher -pressure than that supplied the firstmentioned blading, and valves mounted on the same rod for controllingand re ulating the sup- -ply of high pressure and ovv pressure motivefluid to said blading.,`

1 5. A mixed pressure turbine havin valves for regulating the suppliesof hig and low pressure steam to said turbine, and speed responsive4mechanism constituting the'so-le means for controlling said valveswhereby the high pressure valve Will be opened after the low .pressurevalve tosupply high pressure steam when the low pressure supply isinadequate to meet the demands of the turbine.

1G. In combination, a turbine, high pressure and low pressure fluidconduits, valves for regulating the flow of'fluid between the turbineand said conduits, a rod or stem on which the valves are mounted,andmeans including a speed responsive device for moving the stem to openand close the valves in successive order.

17. 1n combination, a turbine, conduit for high pressure motive fluidand a conduit for louv pressure motive fluid, in combination with valvemeans for regulating the flow of high pressure fluid between the turbineand one conduit, valve means vfor regulating the flow of low pressurefluid between the tursources, a motor common toand actuatingthe valves,and speed responsivemechansm for controlling the motor in a manner tocause the valve or valves regulating the admission of fluid from asource at lower pressure to open to full flow capacity before openingthey valve or valves regulaiting the admission of Huid from a source athigher 4pressure to supplement the low pressure sup- A ply, saidmechanism closing. the valves inthe reverse order. Y

19. In a' mixed pressure turbine, the'combmation of a conduit Supplylngthe turbine Ifor for opening said valves one after another `beglnnlngwith a. 10W pressure valve and notor.

v In witness whereof I have hereunto= set my hand this 176th day ofJuly, 19(4),7.

FREDERICK SAMUELSON.

" Witnesses: CHARLES FULLER,

J. A.v FOSTER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for tive cents each, byaddressing' the Commissioner` of Patents.

' Washington, D. C.

closing them in`t-he reverse 4orclertande 15 speed responsive device foreontrolhng the i;

